Abstract: From archaeology stratigraphy of the Xiatuo site at three Gorge of Yangtze River,sedimentary changes and paleo-flood in this area are made clear. The method of cultural relic comparison is used o estimate the sediment time of the site to be Shangzhou Dynasty. Susceptibility values of cultural layers during Shangzhou Dynasties, the late Han Dynasty, Tang and Song Dynasties are higher than those of other layers. Pollen assemblages are dominated by arboreal and herb pollen with some freshwater algae. Arboreal pollens are mainly composed of Cyclobalanopsis, Rutaceae, Lonicera, Myrtaceae and Celtis. It revealed that the climate was warm and humid which was in favor of the development of human civilization. Sedimentary and pollen research showed that there were at least three super floods since the Neolithic.