SEISMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEPWATER CHANNEL SYSTEM IN NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ITS EVOLUTION
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摘要: 基于高分辨率二维地震资料,对南海西北缘深水水道体系的形态、内部结构、地震反射特征及其演化过程进行了精细刻画。深水水道体系西起莺歌海盆地,经琼东南盆地向东延伸至双峰盆地,整个体系划分为峡谷-水道、水道-朵体转换带、水道-朵体复合体、水道-朵体外缘4个沉积单元,总结其在外部形态、侵蚀深度、宽度、加积方式、内部充填结构特征、所受地形限制性等方面的逐步演化过程。峡谷-水道是以侵蚀作用为主的单一限制性水道体,水道两侧发育5种不同的陆坡类型,分别为进积型陆坡、滑塌型、水道化陆坡、宽缓型陆坡以及陡坡型陆坡。不同的陆坡类型对水道产生的限制性程度不同,导致水道侵蚀宽度以及堤坝的横向展布幅度不同,其中在宽缓型陆坡区规模最大。在中央峡谷口发育水道-朵体转换带,由于受到地形限制性降低,单一水道体产生分支形成低限制性水道复合体。在双峰盆地内,由于地形平缓开阔,发育非限制性水道-朵体复合体,水道体以侧向加积作用为主,侵蚀作用减弱,堤坝展布范围增大至几千米,最终水道消亡,形成大面积席状砂沉积。整个深水水道体系的发育与陆坡类型、古地貌形态以及物源密切相关。Abstract: High-quality 2D seismic data are used in this paper to investigate the depositional pattern and morphologic features of the deepwater channel system and its evolutionary history. The deep water channel system starts from the Yinggehai Basin and through the Qiongdongnan Basin terminates in the Shuangfeng Basin. The system can be divided into four parts:central canyon-channel system, channel-lobe transitional zone, channel-lobe system, and the margin of the channel-lobe system. Study of the evolution of the four parts on shape, erosion depth, width, aggradations, and internal fillings has been carried out by the authors. The development of channel-levee and the width of the central channel system are controlled by the style of the slopes, of which there are five types. The channel-lobe transitional zone incises into the bottom sediments at the canyon mouth, and then rapidly expands due to weakening of topographical constraint. The unconfined channel-lobe system, located on the Shuangfeng Basin, is characterized by stretching levees for about thousands of meters and lateral aggradational deposits. The system losed its erosional ability finally, and terminated as a sand sheet.
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