CHEMICAL WEATHERING OF THE LOESS IN THE SOUTH OF LIAONING PROVINCE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
-
摘要: 对辽南地区周家沟黄土剖面的常量与微量元素进行测试,系统分析了化学蚀变指数、Na/K和元素迁移在剖面中的变化,结合矿物、粒度分析,与黄土高原和东部陆架黄土的化学特征(全样、酸不溶相)进行比较,结果表明:辽南地区黄土中的SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O含量与黄土高原明显不同,而MgO、CaO、Na2O含量与我国南部滨海黄土以及洛川古土壤的含量比较接近,K2O、MnO、TiO2含量各地比较一致;辽南地区黄土的化学风化基本完成早期去Na、Ca风化过程,并进入中期去K、Si风化阶段;周家沟黄土剖面元素的迁移和富集在马兰黄土和离石黄土中表现完全不同,说明辽南地区在中更新世晚期和晚更新世气候发生了明显的变化,由暖湿的气候环境突变为冷干的气候环境。化学风化程度由强至弱依次为:镇江下蜀黄土、陆源页岩、辽南地区、洛川黄土(酸不溶相)、洛川黄土(全样)、上部陆壳。镇江下蜀黄土的化学风化程度最强,辽南地区黄土的风化程度略高于酸不溶相的洛川黄土,而明显大于全样的洛川黄土,主要差异来源于风化过程中不同的气候条件以及粒度效应。Abstract: Chemical elements of the Zhoujiagou loess in the south of Liaoning province are analyzed. According to the chemical indexes of alteration (CIA), Na/K, and the element migration orders, together with the grain size and mineralogy of the deposits, we studied the weathering features of the Zhoujiagou loess profile. Results show that the contents of SiO2, Al2O3, TFe2O3 in the south of Liaoning province are obviously higher than those in Luochuan of Shanxi province, while the contents of MgO、CaO、Na2O, which are close to the loess in Zhenjiang and the paleo-soil in Shanxi province, are lower in the south of Liaoning province. The change in K2O、MnO、TiO2 is not obvious in all the regions studied, while the content of P2O5 is lower in the south of Liaoning than that in Zhenjiang. It is deduced that the chemical weathering in the south of Liaoning province is characterized by the leaching of not only Na and Ca, but also K and Si to some extent. The early stage of chemical weathering, which is featured by leaching of Na and Ca, is completed, and at present it is in the stage of leaching K and Si out comparing to the elements migration pattern in the Luochuan loess. The migration and accumulation of elements are different in the Lishi and Malan loess in the Zhoujiagou profile. The evolution of the chemical weathering in the profiles indicates that the paleo-climate changed abruptly from warm and humid in Middle Pleistocene to cold and dry in Late Pleistocene. The intensity of chemical weathering in these study regions are in an order of the Xiashu loess > PAAS > Luochuan loess (not including the acid dissolution components) > Luochuan loess (total samples) > UCC. These differences were caused by the climate conditions during Late Quaternary.
-
Keywords:
- loess in south Liaoning /
- chemical weathering /
- Pleistocene
-
-
[1] 刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:14-25,277-282. [LIU Dongshen.Loess and the Environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1985:14-25, 277-282.]
[2] 文启忠.中国黄土地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.[WEN Qizhong.Geochemistry of Chinese Loess[M].Beijing:Science Press,1989.] [3] 袁宝印,夏正楷,李保生,等.中国南方红土年代地层学与地层划分问题[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(1):1-13. [YUAN Baoyin,XIA Zhengkai,LI Baosheng,et al.Chronostratigraphy and stratigraphic division of red soil in Southern China[J].Quaternary Science,2008,28(1):1-13.]
[4] Taylor S R,Mc Lennan S M. The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution[M]. London:Blackwell,1985:277.
[5] 顾兆炎,韩家懋,刘东生.中国第四纪黄土地球化学研究进展[J].第四纪研究,2000,20(1):41-55. [GU Zhaoyan,HAN Jiamao,LIU Dongsheng.Progress in geochemical research on the loess and other Quaternary deposits in China[J].Quaternary Science,2000,20(1):41-55.]
[6] 刁桂仪,文启忠.黄土风化成土过程中主要元素迁移序列[J].地质地球化学,1999,27(1):21-26. [DIAO Guiyi,WEN Qizhong.The migration series of major elements during loess pedogenesis[J].Geology Geochemistry,1999,27(1):21-26.]
[7] 刘东生,丁仲礼.中国黄土研究新进展(二):古气候与全球变化[J].第四纪研究,1990,10(1):1-9. [LIU Dongsheng,DING Zhongli.Progresses of loess research in China(Part 2):Paleoclimatology and global change[J].Quaternary Sciences,1990,10(1):1-9.]
[8] 黎彤.中国陆壳及其沉积层和上陆壳的化学元素丰度[J].地球科学,1994,23(2):139-145. [LI Tong.Element abundances of China's continental crust and its sedimentary layers and upper continental crust[J].Geochimica,1994,23(2):139-145.]
[9] 文启忠,刁桂仪,潘景瑜,等.黄土高原黄土的平均化学成分与地壳克拉克值的类比[J]. 土壤学报,1996,33(3):225-231. [WEN Qizhong,DIAO Guiyi,PAN Jingyu,et al.Comparison of average chemical composition of loess plateau with Clark values of crust[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,1996,33(3):225-231.]
[10] Nesbitt H W,Young G M. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites[J].Nature,1982,299:715-717.
[11] 陈骏,季峻峰,仇纲,等.陕西洛川黄土化学风化程度的地球化学研究[J].中国科学D辑,1997,27(6):531-536. [CHEN Jun,JI Junfeng,CHOU Gang,et al.Research of the geochemistry of the weathering extent of the Luochuan loess in Shanxi Province[J].Science in China (Series D),1997,27(6):531-536.]
[12] 梁美艳,郭正堂,顾兆炎,等.中新世风尘堆积的地球化学特征及其与上新世和第四纪风尘堆积的比较[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(4):657-664. [LIANG Meiyan,GUO Zhengtang,GU Zhaoyan,et al.Geochemical characteristics of the Miocene eolian deposits and comparison with the Pliocene and Quaternary eolian deposits[J].Quaternary Sciences,2006,26(4):657-664.]
[13] 陈骏,王洪涛,鹿化煌.陕西洛川黄土沉积物中稀土元素及其它微量元素的化学淋滤研究[J].地质学报,1996,70(1):61-72. [CHEN Jun,WANG Hongtao,LU Huayu.Behaviours of REE and other trace elements during pedological weathering evidence form chemical leaching of loess and paleosol from the Luochuan Section in Central China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1996,70(1):61-72.]
[14] 李雪铭.辽南滨海黄土粒度环境信息高分辨率研究[J].地理研究,2002,21(2):201-209. [LI Xueming.Research of high resolution on grain size of seashore loess and environmental information in south Liaoning Province[J].Georaphical Research,2002,21(2):201-209.]
[15] 程振波,傅命佐,菊小华.渤海海峡和辽东半岛海岸带黄土中的古生物化石的地质意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1996,16(1):85-94. [CHENG Zhenbo,FU Mingzuo,JU Xiaohua.Geological significance of paleontological fossils in coastal loess in the Bohai strait and Liaodong peninsula[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1996,16(1):85-94.]
[16] 吕金福,李志民.辽东半岛黄土及其沉积环境[J].地理科学,1990,20(2):97-105. [LU Jinfu,LI Zhimin.Loess and its sedimentary environment in Liaodong peninsula[J].Scientia Sinica,1990,20(2):97-105.]
[17] 李培英,程振波,吕厚远.辽东海岸带黄土[J].地质学报,1992,1:83-94.[LI Peiying, CHENG Zhenbo,LU Houyuan.The coastal zone loess of the Liaodong peninsula,Liaoning province[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1992 ,1:83-94.]
[18] 焦亚宁,魏成凯,符文侠.辽东半岛黄土的初步研究[J].地理科学,1987,7(3):231-237. [JIAO Yaning,WEI Chengkai,FU Wenxiao.A study on the characteristics of loess in the Liaoning peninsula[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,1987,7(3):231-237.]
[19] 张威,郭善莉,李永化,等.辽东半岛黄土粒度分维特征及其环境意义[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(1):79-86. [ZHANG Wei,GUO Shanli,LI Yonghua,et al.Grain-size fractal dimension of loess and its environmental significance in the Peninsula of East Liaoning[J]. Progress in Geography,2010,29(1):79-86.]
[20] 商翎,张志斌,高飞,等.人类工程活动的生态环境效应——以大连市金州区七顶山乡一带生态环境演变为例[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2006,17(1):21-25. [SHANG Ling, ZHANG Zhibin,GAO Fei,et al.Eco-environmental effects of the mankind engineering activities-Qidingshan area of Jinzhou district,Dalian city[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2006,17(1):21-25.]
[21] 陈骏,安芷生.最近2.5 Ma以来黄土高原风尘化学组成的变化与亚洲内陆的化学风化[J].中国科学D辑,2001,31(2):136-145. [CHEN Jun, AN Zhisheng.Chemical composition change of the dust deposit of the Loess plateau since the latest 2.5 Ma and the chemical weathering in mainland of Asia[J]. Science in China (Series D),2001,31(2):136-145.]
[22] 李徐生,韩志勇,杨守业,等.镇江下蜀土剖面的化学风化强度与元素迁移特征[J].地理学报,2007,62(11):1174-1183. [LI Xusheng,HAN Zhiyong,YANG Shouye,et al.Chemical weathering intensity and element migration features of the Xiashu loess profile in Zhenjiang[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(11):1174-1183.]
[23] Nesbirt H W.Mobility and Fraetionation of rare earth elements during weathering of a granodiorite[J].Nature,1979,279:206-210.
[24] Han J M,Keppens E,Liu T S,et al.Stable isotope composition of the carbonate concretion in loess and climate change[J].Quaternary International,1997,37:37-43.
[25] 文启忠,刁桂仪.黄土剖面中古气候变化的地球化学记录[J].第四纪研究,1995,8(3):223-231. [WEN Qizhong,DIAO Guiyi.Geochemical records of Paleoclimate change in loess sections[J].Quaternary Sciences,1995,8(3):223-231.]
[26] McLennan S M.Weathering and global denudation[J].Journal of Geology,1993,101:295-303.
[27] Nesbitt H W,Markovics G,Price R C.Chemical processes affecting alkalis and alkaline earths during continental weathering[J].Geochem Cosmochim Acta,1980,44(11):1659-1666.
[28] McFarlane A W.REE Chemistry and Sm-Nd systematizes of late arehean weathering Profiles in the forteseue group,western Australia[J].Geochim Cosmoehim Acta,1994,58:1777-1794.
[29] 文启忠,燕金寿,刁桂仪,等.黄土改造过程中微量元素的变化[J].地球化学,1979(2):145-155.[WEN Qizhong,YAN Jinshou,DIAO Guiyi,et al.Trace element variations during the reclamation of loess[J].Geochimica,1979 (2):145-155.]
[30] 李徐生,杨达源,鹿化煜.皖南风尘堆积序列氧化物地球化学特征与古气候记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(4):75-82. [LI Xusheng,YANG Dayuan,LU huayuan. Oxide geochemistry features and paleoclimatic record of the aeolian-dust depositional sequence in southern Anhui[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1999,19(4):75-82.]
[31] Goldich S S,Gast P W.Effects of weathering on the Rb-Sr and K-Ar ages of biotite from the Morton gneiss,Minnesota[J].Earth Planet Science Letter,1966,1:372-375.
[32] 冯连君,储雪蕾,张启锐,等.化学蚀变指数(CIA)及其在新元古代碎屑岩中的应用[J].地学前缘,2003,10,(4):539-544. [FENG Lianjun,CHU Xuelei,ZHANG Qirui,et al.CIA(chemical index of alteration)and its applications in the Neoproterozoic rocks[J].Earth Science Frontier,2003,10,(4):539-544.]
[33] 刘东生.中国的黄土堆积[M].北京:科学出版社,1965.[LIU Dongsheng.Loess and Environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,1965.] [34] 刁桂仪,文启忠.黄土中铁的形态分布及其组合特征研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1999,19(3):75-82. [DIAO Guiyi,WEN Qizhong.A study on the distribution of iron species and their composite characteristics in loess[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1999,19(3):75-82.]
[35] Gu Z Y,Liu T S,Guo Z T,et al.Weathering histories of Chinese loess deposits based on uranium and thorium series nuclides and cosmogenic 10Be[J].Geochim Cosmochim Acta,1997,61:5221-5231.
[36] 张小曳,张光宇,朱光华,等.中国源区粉尘的元素示踪[J].中国科学D辑,1996, 26(5):423-430. [ZHANG Xiaoye,ZHANG Guangyu,ZHU Guanghua,et al.Elemental tracers for Chinese source dust[J].Science in China(Series D),1996,26(5):423-430.]
[37] Kukla G,Heller F,Liu X M,et al. Pleistocene climates in China dated by magnetic susceptibility[J].Geology,1988,16:811-814.
[38] 曹家欣,刘耕年,石宁,等.山东庙岛群岛全新世黄土[J].第四纪研究,1993,13(1):25-35. [CHAO Jiaxin,LIU Gengnian,SHI Ning,et al.Holocene loess of Miaodao islands in Shandong[J].Quaternary Sciences,1993,13(1):25-35.]
[39] 郑洪汉,朱照宇,黄宝林,等.山东半岛及苏皖北部黄土地层年代学研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14(1):63-68. [ZHENG Honghan,ZHU Zhaoyu,HUANG Baolinet, et al.A study on loess Geochronology of Shandong peninsula and northern part of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,1994,14(1):63-68.]
[40] 张祖陆,辛良杰,聂晓红.山东地区黄土研究综述[J].地理科学,2004,24(6):746-752. [ZHANG Zulu,XIN LiangJie,NIE Xiaohong.A summary of loess researches in Shandong[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(6):746-752.]
[41] 熊尚发,朱园健,周茹,等.白水黄土-红黏土化学风化强度的剖面特征与粒度效应[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(5):812-821. [XIONG Shangfa,ZHU Yuanjian,ZHOU Ru,et al.Chemical weathering intensity and its Grain-size dependence for the loess-red clay deposit of the Baishui section,Chinese loess plateau[J].Quaternary Sciences,2008,28(5):812-821.]
-
期刊类型引用(7)
1. 刘帆，廖慧鸿，梅安鑫，梁茹，彭宇. 应用自然伽马能谱法恢复碳酸盐岩沉积时的古水深——以山西兴县关家崖马五_5亚段为例. 中国地质调查. 2024(01): 57-64 . 
百度学术
2. 梁金同，周刚，曾云贤，和源，朱华，罗冰，谢忱，刘四兵，李笑天，张浩，文华国. 基于自然伽马能谱测井资料的碳酸盐岩层序地层划分及其对古环境恢复的指示意义——以川东北LT1井下寒武统龙王庙组为例. 地质论评. 2023(02): 448-460 . 百度学术
3. 曹子颜，徐国盛，颜瑞晶. 黔北坳陷北缘寒武系娄山关群地球化学特征及古海洋环境恢复. 天然气地球科学. 2023(09): 1652-1665 . 百度学术
4. 李斌，董振国，罗群. 自然伽马能谱测井在海相页岩储层评价中的应用研究. 核电子学与探测技术. 2023(03): 604-614 . 百度学术
5. 叶涛，王清斌，代黎明，陈容涛，崔普媛. 台地相碳酸盐岩层序划分新方法——以渤中凹陷奥陶系为例. 岩性油气藏. 2021(03): 95-103 . 百度学术
6. 曹庆超，白壮壮，李浩武，张宁宁. 测井数据小波变换在川中寒武系洗象池群层序地层划分中的应用. 地质科技通报. 2021(04): 242-251 . 百度学术
7. 李峰峰，郭睿，余义常. 层序地层划分方法进展及展望. 地质科技情报. 2019(04): 215-224 . 百度学术
其他类型引用(8)
计量
- 文章访问数: 2006
- HTML全文浏览量: 277
- PDF下载量: 21
- 被引次数: 15
下载:
