GEOCHEMISTRY OF CENOZOIC MAGMATISM IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS
-
摘要: 基于已发表的和可利用的岩石学及地球化学数据,评述了南海地区新生代(特别是新生代海底扩张停止(17或15.5Ma)以来)岩浆活动的地球化学特征及其成因,并讨论了其深部地球动力学背景及其对南海形成演化的构造意义。南海新生代早期(60~43Ma或32Ma)的岩浆活动呈现双峰式特点,主要出现在南海北缘一系列古近纪盆地内。晚渐新世-中中新世(32~17或15.5Ma)的岩浆活动主要出现在南海盆扩张中心处,与此同时,南海洋盆之外的地区却处于一个"岩浆活动宁静期"。扩张期后(17或15.5Ma以来)的岩浆活动影响着南海及周缘地区的广泛地区(包括南海北缘珠江口盆地、北部湾、中南半岛以及南海盆本身),但岩浆量不大,其中,17~8Ma的岩浆活动性质主要呈现拉斑玄武质系列,而8Ma以来主要为碱性玄武岩系列。南海北缘早期岩浆活动性质反映其处于一个伸展的构造背景,可以很好地响应印度-亚洲碰撞的远场(far-field)效应,可能与地幔柱有关。扩张期后的岩浆活动主要与海南地幔柱有关。此外,在板块构造的框架下,海南地幔柱对南海北缘的伸展裂解及南海新生代海底扩张也扮演了一个重要的次级角色,类似于冈瓦纳大陆裂解时地幔柱的作用。本文最后指出,南海遗迹扩张中心处岩浆活动与东太平洋海隆(EPR)洋脊旁遗迹扩张中心处的岩浆作用类似,可能是一种新的岩浆活动类型,其地球动力学背景尚不清楚;对南海遗迹扩张中心处岩浆活动的研究,将是解决南海构造演化的关键科学问题之一。Abstract: Upon the review of the published geochonological,petrological and geochemical data of Cenozoic igneous rocks from the SCS,this paper studied the genesis and geochemical characteristics of the rocks,as well as their deep geodynamics and tectonic implications.Data show that there existed a bimodal volcanism in the northern margin of the SCS in earlier times(60~43 Ma or 32 Ma),followed by a relatively silent stage during the Cenozoic seafloor spreading(32~17 or 15.5 Ma),except for the central basin.And a large area of post-spreading volcanism (tholeiitic series for 17~8 Ma,alkali series since 8 Ma)affected the SCS and its adjacent areas(e.g.,Pearl River Mouth Basin,Beibu gulf,Indochina block and the South China Sea basin).The earlier volcanism occurred in an extensional geodynamic setting resulted from the collision between Indian plate and Eurasian plate as a far-field effect,and the post-spreading volcanism may be related to the Hainan mantle plume.The Hainan mantle plume played a subtle but important role in the extensional process of the northern margin and the seafloor spreading of the SCS.Finally,this study proposed that the igneous activities at fossil spreading centers in the SCS are similar to those in the East Pacific Rise and might be a new type of volcanism.The timing and geodynamic setting of the volcanism remain unclear.Why the extinct spreading centers continue to erupt after cessation of spreading is a brand new scientific problem. The further study of the igneous activity along the fossil spreading centers in the SCS is critical to the understanding of the tectonic evolution of the SCS.
-
-
[1] Karig D E.Origin and development of marginal basin in the western Pacific[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1971,76:2543-2561.
[2] Hamilton W.Tectonics of the Indonesian region[D].United States Geological Survey Prof.Paper.1078,345.1971.
[3] Taylor B,Hayes D E.The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea Basin.[C]//In:Hayes D E(Ed.).The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asia Seas and Islands[C]//Geophysical Monograph Series 23.AGU,Washington,DC. 1980.
[4] Taylor B,Hayes D E.Origin and history of the South China Sea Basin.[C]//In:Hayes D E(Ed.).The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asia Seas and Islands[C]//2.Geophysical Monograph Series 27.AGU,Washington,DC.1983.
[5] Holloway N H.North Palawan block,Philippine-its relation to Asian mainland and role in evolution of South China Sea[J]. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1982,66:1355-1383.
[6] Takahashi M.Space time distribution of Late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic magmatism in East Asia and its tectonic implications.[C]//In:Hashimoto M,Uyeda S(Eds.).Accretion Tectonics in the Circum-Pacific Regions,1983:69-88.
[7] Tapponnier P.On the mechanics of the collision between India and Asia[J].Geological Society,Special Publications,1986, 19:115-157.
[8] Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponier P.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:implications for the Tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B4):6299-6328.
[9] Lee T Y,Lawver L A.Cenozoic plate reconstruction of the South China Sea region[J].Tectonophysics,1994,235:149-180.
[10] Honza E.Spreading mode of backarc basins in the western Pacific[J].Tectonophysics,1995,251:139-152.
[11] Honza E,Fujioka K.Formation of arcs and backarc basins inferred from the tectonic evolution of Southeast Asia since the Late Cretaceous[J].Tectonophysics,2004,384:23-53.
[12] Schluter H U,Hinz K,Block M.Tectono-stratigraphic terranes and detachment faulting of the South China Sea and Sulu Sea[J].Marine Geology,1996,130:39-78.
[13] Metcalfe I.Pre-Cretaceous evolution of SE Asian terranes[J].Geology Society of London Special Publication,1996, 106:97-122.
[14] Hall R.Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia[J].Geological Society of London Special Publication,1996,106:153-184.
[15] Hall R.Cenozoic geological and plate tectonic evolution of SE Asia and the SW Pacific:computer-based reconstructions, model and animations[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2002,20:353-431.
[16] Hall R,van Hattum M W A,Spakman W.Impact of India-Asia collision on SE Asia:the record in Borneo[J].Tectonophysics, 2008,451:366-389.
[17] 李思田,林畅松,张启明,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地幕式裂陷的动力过程及10Ma以来的构造事件[J].科学通报,1998, 43(8):797-810. [LI Sitian,LIN Changsong,ZHANG Qiming, et al.Dynamic process of episodic rifting in continental marginal basin and tectonic events since 10 Ma in South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(8):797-810.]
[18] 鄢全树,石学法.海南地幔柱与南海形成演化[J].高校地质学报,2007,13(2):311-322. [YAN Quanshu,SHI Xuefa.Hainan mantle plume and the formation and evolution of the South China Sea[J].Geol J.Chin.Univ.,2007,13(2):311-322.]
[19] Zhou D,Sun Z,Chen H Z,et al.Mesozoic paleogeography and tectonic evolution of South China Sea and adjacent areas in the context of Tethyan and Paleo-Pacific interconnections[J].Island Arc,2008,17:186-207.
[20] 李家彪,金翔龙,高金耀.南海东部海盆晚期扩张的构造地貌研究[J].中国科学D辑,2002,32:239-248.[LI Jiabiao,JIN Xianglong,GAO Jinyao.Morpho-tectonic study on late-stage spreading of the Eastern Subbasin of South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2002 ,32:239-248.]
[21] 周蒂,刘海玲,陈汉宗.南沙海区及其周缘中-新生代岩浆活动及其构造意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2005,29(3):354-363. [ZHOU Di,LIU Hailing,CHEN Hanzong.Mesozoic-Cenozoic magmatism in southern South China Sea and its surrounding areas and its implications to tectonics[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2005,29(3):354-363.]
[22] Yan P,Deng H,Liu H,et al.The temporal and spatial distribution of volcanism in the South China Sea region[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2006,27:647-659.
[23] Clift P,Lee G H,Anh Duc N,et al.Seismic reflection evidence for a Dangerous Grounds miniplate:no extrusion origin for the South China Sea[J].Tectonics,2008,27,TC3008.doi: 10.1029/2007TC002216.
[24] Hutchison C S.Marginal basin evolution:the southern South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2004,21:1129-1148.
[25] Hutchison C S.Geology of NW Borneo:Sarawak,Brunei and Sabah[M].Elsevier,2005:444.
[26] Hutchison C S,Vijayan V R.What are the Spratly Islands?[J]Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,39:371-385.
[27] Defant M J,Jacques D,Maury R C,et al.Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Luzon arc,Philippines[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1989,101:663-672.
[28] Defant M J,Maury R,Joron J L,et al.The geochemistry and tectonic setting of the northern section of the Luzon arc(the Philippines and Taiwan)[J].Tectonophysics,1990,183:187-205.
[29] 邹和平,李平鲁,饶春涛.珠江口盆地新生代火山岩地球化学特征及其地球动力学意义[J].地球化学,1995,24(增):33-45.[ZOU Heping,LI Pinglu,RAO Chuntao.Geochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Zhujiangkou Basin and its geodynamic significance[J].Geochimica,1995 ,24(suppl.):33-45.]
[30] Chung S L,Cheng H,Jahn B M,et al.Major and trace element, and Sr-Nd isotope constraints on the origin of Paleogene volcanism in South China prior to the South China Sea opening[J].Lithos,1997,40:203-220.
[31] Zhou H,Xiao L,Dong Y,et al.Geochemical and geochronological study of the Sanshui basin bimodal volcanic rock suite, China:Implications for basin dynamics in southeastern China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2009,34:178-189.
[32] Braitenberg C,Wienecke S,Wang Y.Basement structures from satellite-derived gravity field:South China Sea Ridge[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111,B05407,doi: 10.1029/2005JB003938.
[33] Tu K,Flower M F J,Carlson R W,et al.Magmatism in the South China Basin,1.Isotopic and trace element evidence for an endogenous Dupal mantle component[J].Chemical Geology., 1992,97:47-63.
[34] 鄢全树,石学法,王昆山,等.南海新生代碱性玄武岩的主量、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2008, 38(1):56-71. [YAN,Quanshu,SHI,Xuefa,WANG Kunshan, et al.Major element,trace element,Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic studies of Cenozoic alkali basalts from the South China Sea[J].Science in China(Series D),2008,51(4):550-566.]
[35] Yan Q S,Shi X F,Yang Y M,et al.Potassium-argon/argon-40-argon-39 geochronology of Cenozoic alkali basalts from the South China Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2008,27(6):115-123.
[36] 鄢全树,石学法,王昆山,等.南沙微地块花岗质岩石LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义[J].地质学报,2008,82(8):1057-1067. [YAN Quanshu,SHI Xuefa,WANG Kunshan, et al.LA-ICPMS dating of zircon U-Pb and tectonic significance of granitic rocks from Nansha block,the South China Sea[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2008,82(8):1057-1067.]
[37] Yan Q S,Shi X F,Liu J H,et al.Petrology and geochemistry of Mesozoic granitic rocks from the Nansha micro-block,the South China Sea:Constraints on the basement nature[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2010,37:130-139.
[38] Zhu B Q,Wang H F,Chen Y W,et al.Geochronological and geochemical constraint on the Cenozoic extension of Cathaysian lithosphere and tectonic evolution of the border sea basins in East Asia[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2004, 24:163-175.
[39] 朱炳泉,王慧芳.雷琼地区MORB-OIB过渡型地幔源火山作用的Nd-Sr-Pb同位素证据[J].地球化学,1989,3:193-201.[ZHU Bingquan,WANG Huifang.Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic evidence for MORB-OIB transitional type mantle-source volcanism in Leiqiong region[J].Geochimica,1989 ,3:193-201.]
[40] Tu K,Flower M F J,Carlson R W,et al.Sr,Nd,and Pb isotopic compositions of Hainan basalts(South China):implications for a subcontinental lithosphere Dupal source[J].Geology, 1991,19:567-569.
[41] Flower M F,Zhang M,Chen C Y,et al.Magmatism in the South China Basin 2.Post-spreading Quaternary basalts from Hainan Island[J].Chemical Geology,1992,97:65-87.
[42] 樊祺诚,孙谦,李霓,等.琼北全新世火山活动期次及岩浆演化[J].岩石学报,2004,20:533-544.[FANG Qicheng,SUN Qian,LI Ni,et al.Periods of volcanic activity and magma evolutions of Holocene in North Hainan Island[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2004 ,20:533-544.]
[43] Zou H B,Fan Q C.U-Th isotopes in Hainan basalts:Implications for sub-asthenospheric origin of EM2 mantle end member and the dynamics of melting beneath Hainan Island[J]. Lithos,2010,116:145-152.
[44] 贾大成,丘学林,胡瑞忠,等.北部湾玄武岩地幔源区性质的地球化学示踪及其构造环境[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(2):30-39. [JIA Dacheng,QIU Xuelin,HU Ruizhong,et al.Geochemical nature of mantle reservoirs and tectonic setting of basalts in Beibu Gulf and its adjacent region[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2003,22(2):30-39.]
[45] 李昌年,王方正,钟称生.广西北海涠洲岛(含斜阳岛)第四纪玄武质火山岩的地球化学性质及其源区特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2005,24(1):1-11. [LI Changnian,WANG Fangzheng, ZHONG Chensheng.Geochemistry of Quaternary basaltic volcanic rocks of Weizhou island in Beihai City of Guangxi and a discussion on characteristics of their source[J].Acta Petrologia et Mineralogia,2005,24(1):1-11.]
[46] Hoang N,Flower M,Carlson R W.Major,trace element,and isotopic compositions of Vietnamese basalts:interaction of hydrous EM1-rich asthenosphere with thinned Eurasian lithosphere[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1996,60(22):4329-4351.
[47] Hoang N,Flower M.Petrogenesis of Cenozoic Basalts from Vietnam:Implication for Origins of a ‘Diffuse Igneous Province’[J].J.Petrol.,1998,39(3):369-395.
[48] Zhou P B,Mukasa S B.Nb-Sr-Pb isotopic,and major-and trace-element geochemistry of Cenozoic lavas from the Khorat Plateau,Thailand:sources and petrogenesis[J].Chemical Geology, 1997,137:175-193.
[49] Lee T Y,Lo C H,Chung S L,et al.40Ar/39Ar dating result of Neogene basalts in Vietnam and its tectonic implication[C]//American Geophysical Union,Geodynamic series (Mantle Dynamics and Plate Interactions in East Asia).1998,27:317-330.
[50] Kudrass H R,Wiedicke M,Cepek P,et al.Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks dredged from the South China Sea(Reed Bank area) and Sulu Sea and their significance for plate-tectonic reconstructions[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1986,3(1):19-30.
[51] 王贤觉,吴明清,梁德华.等.南海玄武岩的某些地球化学特征[J].地球化学,1984,4:332-340.[WANG Xianjue,WU Mingqing,LIANG Dehua,et al.Some geochemical characteristics of basalts from the South China Sea[J].Geochemica, 1984 ,4:332-340.]
[52] 朱炳泉,王慧芬,毛存孝,等.广东三水盆地古俯冲带地幔源岩石的年代学与Nd-Sr-Pb同位素证据[J].地球化学,1992,8:65-71.[ZHU Bingquan,WANG Huifang,MAO Cunxiao,et al.Geochronology and Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic evidence for mantle source in the ancient subduction zone beneath Sanshui basin, China[J].Chin.J.Geochem.,1992 ,8:65-71.]
[53] Shipboard Scientific Party.Site 1143.In:Wang P,Prell W L, Blum P,et al.(Eds.),Proc.ODP,Init.Repts.184[R].2000:1-103([CD-R]available from:Ocean Drilling Program,Texas A&M University,College Station,Texas 77845-9547, USA).
[54] Le Maitre R W.A Classification of Igneous Rocks and Glossary of Terms[M].Blackwell,Oxford,1989:193.
[55] Irvine T N,Baragar W R A.A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks[J].Can.J.Earth Sci., 1971,8:523-548.
[56] Sun S S,McDonough W F.Chemical and isotopic systems of oceanic basalts:Implications of mantle composition and processes[J].Geological Society,London,Special Publications, 1989,42:313-345.
[57] Niu Y L,O'Hara M J.Origin of ocean island basalts:A new perspective from petrology,geochemistry,and mineral physics considerations[J].J Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B4):5-19.
[58] Hofmann A W.Chemical differentiation of the Earth:the relationship between mantle,continental crust and oceanic crust[J].Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,1988,90:297-314.
[59] Hofmann A W.Mantle geochemistry-the message from oceanic volcanism[J].Nature,1997,385:219-229.
[60] Taylor S R,McLennan S M.The Continental Crust:Its Composition and Evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell.pp.328. 1985.
[61] Zindler A,Hart S R.Chemical geodynamics[J].Annu.Rev. Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.1986,14:493-571.
[62] Staudigel P,Zindler A,Hart S R,et al.The isotope systems of ajuvenile intra-plate volcano:Pb,Nd and Sr isotope ratios of basalts from Loihi Seamount,Hawaii[J].Earth Planet.Sci. Lett.,1984,69:13-29.
[63] Mahoney J J,Natland J H,White W M,et al.Isotopic and geochemical provinces of western Indian Ocean spreading centers[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1989,94:4033-4052.
[64] Hamelin B,All gre C J.Large scale regional units in the depleted upper mantle revealed by an isotopic study of the south-west Indian ridge[J].Nature,1985,315:196-199.
[65] Chung S L.Trace element and isotope characteristics of Cenozoic basalts around the Tanlu Fault with implication for the eastern plate boundary between north and south China[J].J Geol.,1999,107:301-312.
[66] Zou H B,Zindler A,Xu X S,et al.Major and trace element, and Nd Sr Pb isotope studies of Cenozoic basalts in SE China:mantle sources,regional variations,and tectonic significance[J].Chemical Geology,2000,171:33-47.
[67] Hart S R.A large-scale isotope anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere mantle[J].Nature,1984,309:753-757.
[68] Hickey-Vargas R,Hergt J M,Spadea P.The Indian Oceantype isotopic signature in western Pacific marginal basins:origin and significance[C].Active Margins Marginal Basins Western Pacific,Geophys.Monograph,1995,88:175-197.
[69] Castillo P.The Dupal anomaly as a trace of the upwelling lower mantle[J].Nature,1988,336:667-670.
[70] Montelli R,Nolet G,Dahlen F A,et al.A catalogue of deep mantle plumes:New results from finite frequency tomography[J].Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2006,7,Q11007,doi:10. 1029/2006GC001248.
[71] Zhao D.Seismic images under 60hotspots:Search for mantle plumes[J].Gondwana Res.,2007,12:335-355.
[72] Replumaz A,Tapponnier P.Reconstruction of the deformed collision zone between India and Asia by backward motion of lithospheric blocks[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B6):2285.doi: 10.1029/2001JB000661.
[73] Yan Q S,Shi X F,Wang X Y.Nature,source and composition of volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2008,7(2):154-160.
[74] Lebedev S,Nolet G.Upper mantle beneath Southeast Asia from S velocity tomography[J].J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B1):20-48.
[75] Lebedev S,Chevrot S,Nolet G,et al.New seismic evidence for a deep mantle origin of the S.China basalts (the Hainan Plume?)and other observations in SE Asia[C].Eos Trans. AGU,2000,81(48),Fall Meeting Supplement.
[76] Storey B C.The role of mantle plumes in continental breakup:Case histories from Gondwanaland[J].Nature,1995, 377:301-308.
[77] Yan Q,Shi X.Geochemical constraints on the Hainan mantle plume from Cenozoic alkali basalts from the South China Sea[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2009,73(13)Suppl. 1:A1471.
[78] Kincaid C,Ito G,Gable C.Laboratory investigation of the interaction of off-axis mantle plumes and spreading centers[J].Nature,1995,376:758-761.
[79] Ribe N M.The dynamics of plume-ridge interaction,2,Offridge plumes[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1996,101:16195-16204.
[80] Muller R D,Roest W R,Royer J Y.Asymmetric sea-floor spreading caused by ridge plume interactions[J].Nature, 1998,396:455-459.
[81] 陈国达.中国东部后地台造山带新生代盆地成因一解[J].大地构造与成矿学,1998,12(1):1-5. [CHEN Guoda.An explanation on the formation cause of the Cenozoic basins in the post-platform orogenic belts of East China[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,1988,12(1):1-5.]
[82] Meibom A,Anderson L.The statistical upper mantle assemblage[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,217:123-139.
[83] Castillo P R,Clague D A,Davis A S,et al.Petrogenesis of Davidson Seamount lavas and its implications for fossil spreading center and intraplate magmatism in the eastern Pacific[J]. Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst.,2010,11,Q02005,doi:10. 1029/2009GC002992.
[84] Batiza R.Petrology and geochemistry of Guadalupe Island:An alkalic seamount on a fossil ridge crest[J].Geology,1977,5:760-764.
[85] Davis A S,Clague D A,Paduan J B,et al.Origin of volcanic seamounts at the continental margin of California related to changes in plates margins[J].Geochem.Geophys.Geosyst., 2010,doi: 10.1029/2009GC003064.
计量
- 文章访问数: 2048
- HTML全文浏览量: 219
- PDF下载量: 44
下载:
