Evolution of paleoproductivity in the Antarctica Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum
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摘要:
研究罗斯海古生产力的目的在于揭示南极地区过去的气候变化和生态系统演变，为预测未来气候变化影响和提高气候模型准确性提供关键信息。通过对南极罗斯海ANT32-RB16C岩芯沉积物的有机碳、氮及同位素和主、微量元素等测试分析，重建了自24.8 cal.kaBP（末次冰盛期）以来的罗斯海研究区古生产力演变史。结果显示，ANT32-RB16C站位的沉积记录较好地反映了罗斯海在末次冰盛期、末次冰消期与全新世的古生产力变化情况，该地古生产力的演变趋势与南极地区的气温变化基本一致，整体表现为在温暖时期较高、寒冷时期较低的特征：24.8～17.5 cal.kaBP，海洋生产力较低；17.5～11.7 cal.kaBP，海洋生产力由低到高转变；11.7～0 cal.kaBP，海洋生产力逐渐恢复。罗斯海古生产力的演变受地区气候变化的影响较为明显，尤其是南极冷反转、新仙女木与小冰期等几次气候变化事件对研究区古生产力的影响较大。同时，海冰与营养盐含量的变化等也是影响罗斯海末次盛冰期以来古生产力演变的重要因素：在冷期，研究区的海冰覆盖及表层水分层增强，导致富含营养盐的深层水的上升减缓；同时表层海水中的硝酸盐等物质相对缺乏，海洋生产力总体较低。
Abstract:To reveal the past climate changes and ecological system evolution in Antarctica and provide key information, predict the impact of future climate change, and improve the accuracy of climate models, the Ross Sea paleoproductivity was studied by testing and analyzing the organic carbon, nitrogen and their isotopes, and major and trace elements of the ANT32-RB16C core in the Antarctic Ross Sea. The evolution of paleoproductivity in the Ross Sea since 24.8 cal.kaBP (Last Glacial Maximum) was reconstructed. Results show that the ANT32-RB16C sedimentation record well reflected the change in paleoproductivity in three stages including the Last Glacial Maximum, the last deglaciation, and the Holocene, which is consistent with the change in temperature in the Antarctica. The core record shows a higher productivity during the warm period and a lower productivity during the cold period. Specifically, from 24.8 to 17.5 cal.kaBP, the ocean productivity was low, from 17.5 to 11.7 cal.kaBP, the ocean productivity changed from low to high status, and during 11.7～0 cal.kaBP, the ocean productivity gradually recovered. The paleoproductivity of the Ross Sea was influenced obviously by regional climate change, especially climate events such as the Antarctic Circumpolar Reversal, Younger Dryas, and Little Ice Age etc., which had a heavy impact on the evolution of paleoproductivity in the study area. At the same time, sea ice, nutrients, and so on play important roles in the evolution of paleoproductivity in the Ross Sea. In other words, during the cold period, sea ice coverage increased and the thickness of surface seawater layer slowed down the upwelling of deep water rich in nutrient salt. Meanwhile, there was a relative lack of nitrates in surface seawater, resulting in lower productivity at that time.
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Keywords:
- marine productivity /
- sea ice /
- Last Glacial Maximum /
- Antarctic Ross Sea
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图 1 ANT32-RB16C站位与其他岩芯位置及区域环流图
AASW-南极表层水，DSW-高密度陆架水，CDW-绕极深层水，MCDW-变性绕极深层水，TD-塔洛斯多姆，TY-泰勒冰穹。 ANT31-JB06数据来自文献[45]，BC008，BC010和BC006据文献[46]，WDC据文献[47]。
Figure 1. The locations of Core ANT32-RB16C and other cores, and regional currents in the Ross Sea
AASW: Antarctic Surface Water; DSW: Dense Shelf Water; CDW: Circumpolar Deep Water; MCDW: Modified Circumpolar Deep Water; TD: Talos Dome; TY: Taylor Dome; ANT31-JB06 is from reference[45]; BC008, BC010, and BC006 are from reference[46]; WDC is from reference[47].
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图 3 ANT32-RB16C沉积物TOC与TN（a）及TOC与TOC / TN（b）的相关性分析
Figure 3. Correlation analysis between TOC and TN (a), TOC and TOC/TN (b) in the ANT32-RB16C sediment
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图 4 LGM以来罗斯海古生产力的变化趋势
HS1：海因里希冰阶1期，ACR：南极冷反转，YD：新仙女木事件。a：TOC/TN，b：δ15N，c-g：海洋生产力指标，h：WDC ssNa+ [47]，g：TOC/TN，i：南极EDC冰芯氘过剩记录[67]，j：NGRIP δ18O[22]，k：塔洛斯多姆冰芯δ18O[68]，l：GGC5 232Pa/230Th[69]，m：泰勒冰穹冰芯铁通量[70]，n：74°S夏季日照量[71]。
Figure 4. Variation trends of the paleoproductivity in the Ross Sea since LGM
HS1: Heinrich Stadial 1; ACR: Antarctic Cold Reversal; YD: Younger Dryas a: TOC/TN, b: δ15N, c-g: paleoproductivity indicators, h: WDC ssNa+[47], g: TOC/TN, i: Antarctic EDC Ice Core dln anomaly[67], j: NGRIP δ18O[22], k: Talos Dome δ18O[68], l: GGC5 232Pa/230Th[69], m: Taylor Dome Fe flux[70], n: summer insolation of 74°S[71].
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图 5 LGM以来罗斯海古生产力演化模式图[84]
CDW-绕极深层水，MCDW-变性绕极深层水，APF-南极极锋，WSI-冬季海冰，SSI-夏季海冰，AASW-南极表层水，HSSW-高盐度陆架水。
Figure 5. Evolution pattern of paleoproductivity in the Ross Sea since LGM[84]
CDW-Circumpolar deep water, MCDW-Modified circumpolar deep water, APF-Antarctic Polar Front, WSI-Winter sea ice, SSI-Summer sea ice, AASW-Antarctic surface water, HSSW-High salinity shelf water.
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