Geochemical records of hydrothermal activities in the sediment fillings within pumice's vesicles in the vicinity of a seafloor hydrothermal field in the Okinawa Trough
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摘要: 以冲绳海槽伊平屋北热液区附近两个站位(HOBAB2-T3和HOBAB2-T6)的浮岩为研究对象，分别对充填沉积物的浮岩(T3-D、T6-D)和去除沉积物的浮岩(T3-C、T6-C)进行扫描电镜观察、矿物组成和微量元素组成的对比分析。结果表明，浮岩气孔充填的沉积物主要来源于冲绳海槽内碎屑沉积物的混入，其中气孔较小的T3浮岩中充填的沉积物组成主要为伊利石和石英，而气孔较大的T6浮岩中充填的沉积物组成主要为石英和长石，代表了海槽内沉积物的一般矿物组成。邻近热液区的T3浮岩气孔中的沉积物含有异常高含量的Pb(>101μg/g)、Zn(>196μg/g)、Cu(>47μg/g)等金属元素，代表强烈的热液活动信号；距热液区稍远的T6浮岩气孔中沉积物也表现出Pb、Cu等元素含量的异常特征，可能代表较弱的热液活动信号。这说明海底热液区附近的浮岩气孔中充填的沉积物可以记录热液活动的信息，这对寻找浮岩分布区新的热液活动具有重要的指示意义。Abstract: The pumices samples from HOBAB2-T3 and HOBAB2-T6 near the Iheya North hydrothermal field, Okinawa Trough (OT) are divided into two groups. One group (T3-C and T6-C) was carefully cleaned to remove any sediment filled in vesicles, while the second group (T3-D and T6-D) remained unchanged. To qualitatively understand the mineral and chemical compositions of the sediment fillings in pumice's vesicles, each group of pumices was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and their mineralogy and trace elemental compositions were analyzed and compared. Results show that the sediments in pumices are mainly from OT clastic deposits. Vesicles in T3 pumice are smaller and they are mainly filled by illite and quartz in terms of mineral compositions. However, sediments in larger vesicles of T6 pumice are dominated by quartz and feldspar, same as the minerals in OT in general. The sediments in T3 pumice, adjacent to the hydrothermal field, however, contain extremely high concentrations of Pb (>101 μg/g), Zn (>196 μg/g), and Cu (>47 μg/g), indicating strong hydrothermal activities. For T6 pumice that is slightly farther away from the hydrothermal field, the sediment fillings also exhibit anomalies in Pb and Cu, which might stand for relatively weaker hydrothermal signal. The above indicates that sediments in pumice's vesicle near the hydrothermal field may record information of hydrothermal activity, which has great significance in exploring new hydrothermal filed in the region with pumiceous volcanic rocks.
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图 1 冲绳海槽伊平屋北海丘的地理位置及水深图(图中标记了样品的采样位置和伊平屋北热液区的位置)
Figure 1. Geographic and bathymetric map of the Iheya North Knoll, Okinawa Trough (Locations of sampling and Iheya North hydrothermal field are marked in the map)
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图 2 样品照片(a和b：浮岩手标本照片；c和d：浮岩孔隙及其充填沉积物的扫面电镜图像)
Figure 2. Photographs of samples (a and b; photographs of pumice rock samples; c and d; SEM images of pumices' vesicles and their fillings)
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图 4 T3和T6浮岩的微量元素蛛网图(正常表层沉积物数据引自文献[37]，热液影响沉积物数据引自文献[38]，原始地幔数据引自文献[39])
Figure 4. Spider diagram of trace elements of T3 and T6 pumices (data of normal surface sediments are from reference [37], data of hydrothermal influenced sediments are from reference [38], data of primitive mantle are from reference [39])
表 1 T3和T6浮岩的微量元素组成
Table 1 Trace element compositions of T3 and T6 pumices
元素(μg/g) T3-D T3-C T6-D T6-C 正常表层沉积物* 热液影响沉积物** Cs 6.13 2.01 3.91 3.75 Rb 80.3 53.1 97.1 101 93 97 Pb 101 8.36 13.2 8.21 18 79.13 Ba 383 203 325 329 354 495.53 Th 11.6 7.10 11.3 10.7 U 7.67 7.23 2.44 2.58 8 La 29.8 20.6 23.4 19.4 Ce 60.7 41.7 48.4 44.5 53 Pr 7.11 4.98 5.58 4.86 Nd 27.9 20.0 21.3 18.2 29 Ta 1.13 0.746 0.784 0.822 Nb 15.5 11.9 11.3 11.7 8 Zr 346 206 150 178 125 125.4 Hf 7.32 5.20 4.57 4.48 3.43 Sr 108 30.6 67.5 49.2 440 399.07 Sm 6.21 4.59 4.71 4.03 Li 29.6 6.27 23.3 21.8 39.8 Gd 6.31 4.67 4.82 4.08 Tb 1.22 0.919 0.875 0.864 Eu 0.818 0.540 0.792 0.614 Dy 7.53 5.73 5.43 5.13 Ho 1.78 1.35 1.27 1.22 Er 5.21 3.92 3.64 3.77 Lu 0.868 0.662 0.671 0.662 Tm 0.911 0.690 0.645 0.660 Yb 5.68 4.44 4.18 4.21 Ga 22.0 14.3 16.8 18.1 Y 49.2 37.9 35.2 34.8 Cd 0.944 0.237 0.269 0.202 0.17 Zn 196 52.5 54.8 44.5 91 99.13 Cu 47.0 5.14 15.1 4.30 23 43.33 *引自文献[37]，**引自文献[38] 
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