Seismic and sedimentary facies analysis and prediction of favorable Permian source rocks in the South Yellow Sea basin
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摘要: 二叠系烃源岩是南黄海盆地多套优质烃源岩之一，多年来，由于地震测线少和品质差，导致对其分布一直认识不清。基于南黄海盆地近年来新采集处理的大量二维地震测线，结合老地震测线和5口钻遇二叠系的钻测井资料，通过单井相分析、地震-沉积相分析，开展了对南黄海下二叠统、上二叠统的沉积相及有利烃源岩分布预测研究。分析表明：下二叠统栖霞组沉积时期，青岛坳陷及崂山隆起西部以台地相为主、中东部以盆地相发育为主；上二叠统龙潭组沉积时期，青岛坳陷南部和勿南沙隆起以三角洲平原相、崂山隆起和青岛坳陷西部以三角洲前缘沉积相、青岛坳陷东北部及崂山隆起东部以滨浅海沉积相发育为主。结合有利烃源岩沉积相和残留地层厚度分析，认为崂山隆起中部及青岛坳陷东北部是下二叠统烃源岩有利分布区，崂山隆起中东部及青岛坳陷东北部是上二叠统烃源岩有利分布区。Abstract: The Permian source rock is one of the high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the South Yellow Sea basin. However, the seismic data available is so poor in quality that the distribution pattern of Permian source rocks is not clear. Based on the recently acquired and processed seismic data, integrated with old seismic data and well log datafrom the basin, by means of single well facies and seismic-sedimentary facies analysis, we discerned the distribution pattern of sedimentary facies and favorable source rocks of early and late Permian. It is revealed that duringthe period of early Permian, the western part ofLaoshan uplift and the western part of Qingdao depressionare both dominated byplatformfacies, while the eastern part of Laoshan uplift and the eastern part of Qingdao depression dominated by basin facies. During late Permian, however, the western part of Laoshan uplift and the northwestern part of Qingdao depression are covered by deltaic front facies, and the southern part of Qingdao depression by delta plain facies, whereas the northeastern part of Qingdao depression and the eastern part of Laoshan uplift are occupied by littoral-shallow facies. Combining the favorable sedimentary facies together with the residual stratigraphic thickness, we suggest thatthe middle part of the Laoshan uplift and the northeastern part of the Qingdao depression bethe favorable source rocks distribution area of lower Permian; the mid-eastern part of the Laoshan uplift and the northeastern part of the Qingdao depression be favorable source rocks distribution area of upper Permian.
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Keywords:
- seismic facies /
- sedimentary facies /
- source rock /
- Permian /
- South Yellow Sea basin
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致谢: 本次研究使用的地震、钻井资料来自于中海石油(中国)有限公司上海分公司和中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所，在此表示感谢。同时感谢中国石油大学(北京)纪友亮教授在本次研究中的指导和协助。
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图 1 南黄海构造单元划分及地震测线、二叠系钻井分布图
Figure 1. Tectonic map of the South Yellow Sea drilling and distribution of drilling sites and seismic profiles
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图 2 南黄海盆地上古生界地层层序划分柱状图(据文献[22]修改)
Figure 2. Sequence stratigraphy of Upper Paleozoic in South Yellow Sea basin
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图 3 南黄海WX5-ST1井震标定
Figure 3. Seismic profile calibrated by WX5-ST1 well in South Yellow Sea
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图 4 A-A’剖面地震-沉积相图
Figure 4. Seismic-sedimentary facies cross section along the profile A-A'
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图 5 B-B’测线地震-沉积相图
Figure 5. Seismic-sedimentary facies cross section along the profile B-B'
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图 7 无锡5-ST1井二叠系沉积相图
Figure 7. Sedimentary facies column of the Permian of well WX5-ST1
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图 9 无锡13-3-1井二叠系沉积相
Figure 9. Sedimentary facies column of the Permian of well WX13-1-1
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图 11 南黄海二叠系烃源岩有利分布区预测
Figure 11. Prediction map of favorable distribution area of Permian source rocks in South Yellow Sea
表 2 南黄海地区二叠系典型沉积相地震反射特征
Table 2 Seismic reflection characteristics of typical sedimentary facies of Permian in South Yellow Sea area
碳酸盐岩沉积体系 浅-深水陆棚相 极弱反射、高频低振幅低连续、高频中振幅中连续 台地相 低频中振幅中连续、高频中振幅高连续、高频中振幅中连续、高频高振幅低连续、中频高振幅中连续、中频中振幅中连续、极弱反射 台地边缘相 高频中振幅低连续、高频高振幅低连续 盆地 高频中振幅中连续、高频中振幅高连续 碎屑岩沉积体系 三角洲平原 高频中振幅低连续、高频高振幅低连续 三角洲前缘 高频高振幅中连续、高频中振幅高连续、中频中振幅中连续、中频高振幅中连续 滨浅海 极弱反射、高频中振幅低连续、高频中振幅中连续 
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