Distribution and Migration Pattern of Surficial Suspended Matter in Zhejiang and Fujian Mud Area Detected by Landsat Satellite Images
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摘要: 基于2007年2月和2015年6月的东海悬浮体浓度数据，分别对2007年2月、7月的Landsat Thematic Mapper(Landsat-TM)和2014年12月、2015年6月Landsat Operational Land Imager(Landsat-OLI)卫星影像建立表层悬浮体浓度反演模型，发现建立的指数函数模型反演效果最佳，相关系数分别为0.971和0.856，其可以反映冬夏两季表层悬浮体分布特征及其控制作用。研究发现，浙闽沿岸海域表层悬浮体浓度呈近岸高远岸低、冬季高夏季低的特点；冬季浙闽沿岸流携带的表层悬浮体浓度范围为10~28 mg/L，台湾暖流为1.5~5 mg/L；夏季浙闽沿岸流携带的表层悬浮体浓度范围为4~22 mg/L，台湾暖流为1.2~2.3 mg/L。并且在冬季发现在40 m水深海域存在较明显的表层悬浮体浓度次级锋面及一系列涡旋，而夏季不明显，推测冬季悬浮体对现代浙闽涡旋泥质区形成有所贡献。Abstract: Inversion models of SSC are established based on the observed suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, in combination with the satellite images. It is found that the exponential inversion model is the best in use. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.971 and 0.856 for 2007 and 2015 respectively. The results may well suggest the distribution pattern and control factors of the suspended sediment. It is also found that the near shore SSC is stronger than offshore one, and the winter one is higher than that in summer. In winter, the SSC ranges 10~28 mg/L in the Zhejiang and Fujian Coastal Current and 1.5~5 mg/L in the Taiwan warm current. In summer, however, the SSC ranges 4~22 mg/L in the Zhejiang and Fujian Coastal Current and 1.2~2.3 mg/L in the Taiwan warm current. A SSC secondary front was found in the research in addition to the vortices found in the 40 m water depth in winter. However, the SSC secondary front and vortices are not so obvious in summer. According to the result, the winter suspended sediment may contribute more to the formation of the Modern Zhejiang and Fujian vortex mud area.
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图 3 Landsat-TM实测点与拟合曲线分布
Figure 3. The measured points and fitting curve for Landsat-TM
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图 4 Landsat-OLI实测点与拟合曲线分布
Figure 4. The measured points and fitting curve for Landsat-OLI
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图 6 浙闽沿岸SSC分布(a为2014年12月，b为2015年6月)
Figure 6. The distribution of SSC in Zhejiang and Fujian coast area. (a in December of 2014, b is June of 2015)
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图 7 浙闽沿岸SST分布(a为2007年2月，b为2007年7月，c为2014年12月，d为2015年6月)
Figure 7. Distribution of SST in Zhejiang and Fujian coast area (a. in February, 2007, b. in July, 2007, c. in December, 2014, d. in June, 2015)
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图 1 浙闽沿岸海域调查站位与冬季流系图(A)及浙闽沿岸真彩色图(B)
ZMCC：浙闽沿岸流；TWC：台湾暖流；浅黄色为浙闽泥质区；蓝点为2007年站位，绿点为2015年站位. A据Yuan et al.，2010重新编制; B为Landsat-OLI 4/3/2波段组合，由2014年12月6景影像拼接而成
Figure 1. Survey sites and winter flow system in Zhejiang and Fujian coastal area (A) and the true color figure of Zhejiang and Fujian coast area(B) (A Modified from Yuan et al.)
ZMCC is the Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current, TWC Taiwan warm current, light yellow area the Zhejiang and Fujian mud area, blue dots the survey sites for 2007, and green dots the survey sites for 2015. B The color image of Zhejiang and Fujian coast area (B is Landsat-OLI 4/3/2 band combination, by six scenes patchwork in December 2014)
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图 5 2007年浙闽沿岸SSC分布(a为2月份；b为7月份)
Figure 5. The distribution of SSC in Zhejiang and Fujian coast area in 2007 (a.in February, b.in July)
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图 8 SSC梯度分布
(a为2014年12月，b为2015年6月；计算方法为：lg(浓度差/距离)锋面强度单位：lg(mg)/(L/km)；c为27.4°N、121.4°E海域SST分布)
Figure 8. The gradient of SSC
(a. in December, 2014, b. in June, 2015; lg means concentration difference/distance, frontal strength units is lg (mg)/L/km); c. SST distribution in sea area of 27.4°N, 121.4°E)
表 1 影像编号及获取时间信息
Table 1 Image number and time information
TM OLI 编号 获取时间 编号 获取时间 117040-117042 2007-02-11 117040-117042 2015-06-25 118040-118042 2007-02-02 118040-118042 2015-06-16 117040-117042 2007-07-22 117040-117042 2014-12-31 118040-118042 2007-07-28 118040-118042 2014-12-22 
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表 2 估算数据与实测数据对比
Table 2 Comparison between measured and estimate data
SSC/(mg/L) 相对误差/% 估算值 实测值 2.38 2.54 6.45 2.17 1.88 15.28 3.95 4.47 11.67 1.54 1.56 0.98 2.10 2.16 2.56 2.05 1.61 27.7 1.86 1.99 6.66 2.08 2.91 28.4 2.20 2.24 8.53 3.46 3.41 1.6 2.06 2.21 6.58 1.93 2.17 10.92 3.94 3.33 18.2 2.89 2.50 15.6 2.17 2.00 8.5 注：SSC估算值是基于与本次采样时间最近的Landsat 8卫星影像通过本文的比值模型(式(2))估算到的表层泥沙浓度，SSC实测值是2015年6月20—24日采样的实测值，卫星影像是2015年6月16日与6月25日的各三景，相对误差：|SSC估算值-SSC实测值| /SSC实测值*100%。
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